• Combo Model Service
• Sector Model Service
• Core Model Service
• Small-Cap Model Service
• Growth Model Service
• Value Model Service
• Columbine Alpha Factor Service
• Expectational Model Service
• Momentum Model Service
• Valuation Model Service
• International Combo Model Service
• International Columbine Alpha Service
• Factor Definitions

The International Combo Model is designed to be a general-purpose stock selection tool for investors in non-US markets.

Combo was Columbine’s first complete stock selection model; we created the US model in 1985 and began publishing Combo Model rankings in 1986. We added International Combo Model rankings in 1992, creating optimized, country-specific versions of the model for markets outside the US. At first we could offer only five country-specific versions of Combo, but we now have Combo Model rankings for more than two dozen countries around the world.

Recognizing the higher level of transactions costs generally experienced outside the US, we optimize each version of the International Combo Model to achieve superior risk-adjusted portfolio return at realistic levels of portfolio turnover. The design process focuses on big-cap, highly-liquid, institutional-grade securities like those that make up the major international indices. Our experience shows that these issues are the most efficiently priced. Any multifactor model that can successfully generate alpha in these securities will have no problem with smaller cap, less efficiently priced companies.

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